Asymmetric Encryption
In asymmetric encryption, two different but related keys are used: a public key and a private key.
The public key is shared freely and is used to encrypt messages.
The private key is kept secret and is used to decrypt them.
This means that anyone can encrypt a message with the public key, but only the owner of the private key will be able to read it.
Example: if Valentina wants to send a secure message to Juan, she uses Juan's public key to encrypt it. Only Juan, with his private key, will be able to decrypt it.
Advantages:
It is not necessary to share a secret key in advance, which solves the problem of insecure exchange.
It allows for authentication and digital signatures, ensuring that the message truly comes from the sender.
Disadvantages:
It is slower and consumes more resources than symmetric encryption.
Examples of algorithms: RSA, ECC (elliptic curve cryptography), Diffie-Hellman.
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