peerdas

By @MrJangKen • ID: 766881381 • 6 January, 2026
For years, the blockchain industry has been haunted by a singular, persistent ghost: the Blockchain Trilemma. Coined by Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin, the trilemma suggests that a decentralized network can only ever pick two out of three core qualities: Decentralization, Security, and Scalability. Bitcoin and the original Ethereum chose Decentralization and Security, resulting in a "bottleneck" where every node must verify every transaction, severely limiting bandwidth. However, following recent updates from Buterin in early 2026, Ethereum is officially entering a "fundamentally new" era. With the mainnet launch of PeerDAS and the maturation of zkEVMs, Ethereum is no longer just a "faster Bitcoin"—it is evolving into a high-bandwidth, decentralized supercomputer.

The End of the "Replication" Era
To understand why this matters, we have to look at how blockchains traditionally function. In a network like Bitcoin, throughput is low because the system relies on redundancy. Every single participant (node) must download and check every single piece of data. While this makes the network incredibly secure, it means the network is only as fast as its slowest individual node.
Buterin compares the new Ethereum model to BitTorrent. BitTorrent can move massive amounts of data because it doesn't require every user to hold the entire file; instead, users hold "pieces" of the data. However, BitTorrent lacks "consensus"—it doesn't care about the order or validity of the data in a financial sense.
Ethereum’s new goal is to achieve BitTorrent-level bandwidth while maintaining Bitcoin-level consensus.
Pillar I: PeerDAS (The Bandwidth Breakthrough)
The first major milestone in this transition is the arrival of PeerDAS (Peer Data Availability Sampling) on the Ethereum mainnet.
PeerDAS is the practical implementation of "sharding" concepts that have been discussed for years. Instead of forcing a node to download a massive block of data to ensure it’s "available," PeerDAS allows nodes to perform Data Availability Sampling.
How it works: Nodes sample small, random portions of the data. Through clever mathematics, if enough nodes sample enough small pieces, the network can mathematically prove that the entire dataset is present.The Result: Ethereum can now handle much larger amounts of data (blobs) without increasing the hardware requirements for individual stakers. This directly lowers the cost of Layer 2 (L2) rollups, making transactions significantly cheaper for the end-user.
Pillar II: zkEVMs (The Verification Revolution)
While PeerDAS handles the storage of data, zkEVMs (Zero-Knowledge Ethereum Virtual Machines) handle the computation.
Buterin recently noted that zkEVMs have reached an "alpha stage." This means their performance is now production-quality. The focus has shifted from "Can we make this fast enough?" to "Can we make this safe enough?"
A zkEVM allows the network to process transactions off-chain and then submit a tiny "cryptographic proof" to the main Ethereum chain. This proof says: "We processed 10,000 transactions, and here is the mathematical guarantee that they were all valid." The mainnet doesn't need to re-run the transactions; it just verifies the proof, which takes a fraction of a second. By 2026, we expect to see zkEVM nodes appearing in limited form, further reducing the burden on the main network.
The Future: Distributed Block Building
The final piece of Buterin’s vision involves Distributed Block Building. Currently, "builders" assemble transactions into blocks. This creates a risk of centralization, where a few powerful actors could potentially censor transactions or extract unfair value (MEV).
By splitting the work of building a block across many different parties, Ethereum ensures:
Censorship Resistance: No single entity can decide what gets into a block.Geographic Fairness: A distributed network isn't dependent on high-speed connections to a single data center in one part of the world.
Why 2026 is the "Pivotal Moment"
We are witnessing the death of the "Replicated State Machine" and the birth of the "Partitioned Verification Machine."
Ethereum is moving away from the model where every node does all the work. Instead, it is moving toward a model where the work is divided, but the security is shared. This allows Ethereum to scale to millions of transactions per second without becoming a centralized corporate database.
As Buterin puts it, these are not "minor improvements." They represent a shift in the very DNA of decentralized networks. Ethereum is finally breaking the limits that have defined the blockchain space since 2009.

#Ethereum #VitalikButerin #PeerDAS #zkEVM #BlockchainScaling

$ETH
Hey folks, the founder of the Ethereum network, Vitalik Buterin, dropped a bombshell in the crypto world! 💣 Buterin confirmed that Ethereum has successfully "solved" the biggest challenge facing blockchain, namely the famous "trilemma"!
🌟 How was the achievement made? The secret lies in two incredible upgrades:
PeerDAS (data availability sampling among peers): 🔄 This technology acts like a "Lego" that allows for massive expansion in the network's bandwidth.

Developers on the Ethereum blockchain are preparing for the network's second big upgrade of 2025. The highly anticipated Fusaka upgrade is scheduled to go live on the mainnet this Wednesday. The name "Fusaka" is a portmanteau of the names Fulu and Osaka, reflecting its dual nature: two coordinated upgrades landing simultaneously on Ethereum's consensus and execution layers.

This isn't just another technical tune-up; this is a structural shift designed to help Ethereum keep pace with the explosive growth of layer-2 networks that rely on the blockchain as their settlement layer. As rollups scale, so must Ethereum, and Fusaka represents the next big step in that evolution.

Fusaka: Core Mission - Faster, Cheaper Layer-2s

Fusaka bundles 12 EIPs intended to make layer-2 transactions markedly faster and cheaper. The headline feature is PeerDAS, a change that makes the most impact in the upgrade.

Today, layer-2s publish large batches of transactions to Ethereum using “blobs.” Every validator has to download the full blob to verify it — a process that is growing increasingly bandwidth-heavy as L2 usage grows. PeerDAS changes that completely.

With PeerDAS, validators need only verify a segment of data, not the full blob. This greatly reduces bandwidth strain, accelerates verification, and cuts costs for both validators and rollups. In practice, this means:

Higher transaction throughput

Lower L2 fees

Far fewer bottlenecks during periods with high demand on the network.

PeerDAS lays the foundation for Ethereum to scale up much more intelligently, without sacrificing decentralization.

Improvements to Ethereum Itself

Although Fusaka's layer-2 performance is the star of the show, the upgrade also includes lesser but still meaningful mainnet improvements. These include:

Update parameters for maximum transaction size to enhance security

Optimizations of smart contract efficiency

Minor adjustments that streamline execution behavior

These are not headline-grabbing changes but do support a more mature and resilient Ethereum ecosystem.

Institutions Are Paying Attention

The importance of Fusaka doesn't stop at developers and crypto insiders: institutions are paying attention. Earlier this month, Fidelity Digital Assets published an analysis that framed Fusaka as an inflection point that pushes Ethereum closer to a unified, long-term economic roadmap.

For an asset increasingly being used by traditional finance for settlement, tokenization, and infrastructure experiments, this is the kind of upgrade that matters.

The Road Ahead

Fusaka represents an important milestone, with layer-2 ecosystems continuing to grow rapidly and Ethereum's role as a global settlement layer amplified. This further reinforces the long-term vision: a modular, scalable blockchain that supports mass adoption without compromising on decentralization or security.

Going live on mainnet, Fusaka is setting the tone for Ethereum's next era: an era where L2s scale, data moves more efficiently, and the base layer becomes more robust than ever.
#Ethereum #Fusaka #PeerDAS $ETH

This is not just an audit. It is a verification ritual.

Ethereum Foundation announced a competition for $2 million for testing the security of the Fusaka upgrade.
September 15 — October 13. Platform — Sherlock testnet.
2x for the first week, 1.5x — for the second.
Gnosis ($100K), Lido ($25K).
Identify vulnerabilities before launch.
Christine Kim (former Galaxy Digital) believes that the launch of the competition is premature — bugs are still on the devnet.

Ethereum may be on the brink of its most transformative upgrade yet, as co-founder Vitalik Buterin outlines a two-stage plan to overhaul the network's architecture.
🔍 Introduction: What is the Fusaka Fork
#Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has unveiled an ambitious new proposal dubbed the Fusaka Fork, aimed at radically simplifying Ethereum's architecture while significantly enhancing scalability and performance. If adopted, this fork could usher in a new era of efficiency, resilience, and broader developer engagement for the world’s leading smart contract platform.
⚙️ Key Highlights of the Fusaka Fork
1. Streamlined Consensus: 3-Slot Finality
One of the most groundbreaking changes in the Fusaka proposal is the 3-slot finality mechanism, a streamlined alternative to Ethereum's current epoch-based consensus. This model reduces complexity, shrinks the codebase, and improves overall network responsiveness.
2. Transition to RISC-V Virtual Machine
Another pillar of the upgrade is the replacement of the Ethereum's Virtual Machine (EVM) with a RISC-V-based virtual machine. As an open-source instruction set, RISC-V allows developers to use more accessible programming languages and enables up to 100x improvement in zero-knowledge proof efficiency. This shift could dramatically enhance both smart contract performance and developer onboarding.
🔄 Two Phases: Fulu and Osaka

The Fusaka upgrade is split into two major phases:
Fulu Phase: Will implement the EVM Object Format (EOF), optimizing contract structure and deployment.
Osaka Phase: Will introduce PeerDAS, a new data availability sampling system to scale Ethereum's data layer and make it more robust.
Together, these stages ensure a careful, phased rollout, minimizing disruptions while gradually unlocking enhanced capabilities.
🌐 What This Means for Ethereum’s Future
If implemented, the Fusaka fork could
Simplify Ethereum's foundational design.Significantly improve scalability and performance.
Lower barriers for smart contract development.
Enhance compatibility with zero-knowledge technologies.
Reinforce Ethereum’s position as a long-term, developer-friendly blockchain ecosystem.
This strategic shift reflects Ethereum’s commitment to continuous innovation and positions it as a highly competitive smart contract platform for the years ahead.
📌 Closing Thoughts
Vitalik Buterin’s Fusaka fork proposal reflects a visionary reimagining of Ethereum’s technical framework. As the community awaits further discussion and development, the prospect of a faster, more efficient, and developer-centric Ethereum looks increasingly promising.
🔖 Related Mentions:
✅ CheckDot is SAFU – Research CheckDot $CDT to explore secure Web3 verification services.
#VitalikButerin #EVM #CDT #PeerDAS