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India issues an urgent advisory for its citizens in Iran, citing rising security risks. Flights remain operational as authorities urge immediate departure for safety. #indian #iran
India issues an urgent advisory for its citizens in Iran, citing rising security risks. Flights remain operational as authorities urge immediate departure for safety.

#indian #iran
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TON Pushes Toward $2.30, but Overbought Signals Raise CautionThe sell-off dragged the price down to $1.76 as downward pressure intensified. While the broader market held relatively steady, this token failed to find balance and remained under strain. Earlier in the session, the price briefly climbed to $1.89, but that recovery proved short-lived as momentum quickly flipped bearish. #Toncoin Breaks Below Key Support Zones Technical indicators are now flashing warning signs that traders are closely tracking. Toncoin has slipped below two critical support levels at $1.79 and $1.78, confirming a shift in short-term market sentiment. This was not a low-liquidity move. Trading volume surged sharply during the breakdown, with more than 2.14 million tokens exchanged. That figure far exceeds the seven-day average, and elevated volume during a decline often signals activity from large holders. Such behavior typically suggests that institutions or high-net-worth investors may be trimming exposure. Market data shows Toncoin reversing amid heavy volume and apparent large-scale exits | Source: TradingView Momentum indicators reinforce the caution. The RSI moved into neutral territory following a bearish crossover on January 6, indicating fading buying strength rather than an immediate rebound setup. Attention is now firmly on the $1.76 level. A failure to defend this zone could push the price into a lower demand range between $1.765 and $1.770. Without fresh buying interest, downside pressure is likely to persist. Geopolitical Risk and Telegram’s Shadow External developments are also weighing on sentiment. According to a recent Financial Times report, roughly $500 million worth of Telegram-issued bonds in Russia have been frozen due to Western sanctions linked to the Ukraine conflict. Although Toncoin now operates as an open-source network, its origins remain closely tied to Telegram, which continues to rely on the blockchain for multiple features. As a result, negative headlines surrounding the company can still spill over into market confidence around the token. Even if the bond freeze has no direct technical impact, perceived risk often drives price action. Concerns have also resurfaced around transparency. Disclosures show that Telegram sold more than $450 million worth of Toncoin late last year. While the company argues that these sales support decentralisation and plans to limit its holdings to 10% of total supply, market participants remain uneasy about the price impact of such large-scale distributions. Positive Developments Fail to Shift Sentiment {spot}(TONUSDT) The ongoing decline comes despite several notable ecosystem upgrades. #Telegram founder Pavel Durov recently introduced CoCoon, a decentralised AI compute platform built on the network that enables users to share GPU resources for rewards. In parallel, xStocks has launched on the TON Wallet, giving users access to tokenised U.S. equities directly within the app. This effectively allows exposure to stocks such as Apple and Amazon through blockchain-based representations, a meaningful step forward for real-world asset integration. Under normal conditions, developments of this scale would support price appreciation. However, technical weakness and broader macro concerns are currently dominating sentiment. Investors appear focused on balance-sheet implications after Telegram reported a net loss tied to declining token valuations. While revenue from premium subscriptions and advertising continues to grow, ongoing token volatility is complicating the financial outlook and keeping pressure on market confidence. Disclaimer: BFM Times provides information for educational purposes only and does not offer financial advice. Readers should consult a qualified financial advisor before making investment decisions. $TON

TON Pushes Toward $2.30, but Overbought Signals Raise Caution

The sell-off dragged the price down to $1.76 as downward pressure intensified. While the broader market held relatively steady, this token failed to find balance and remained under strain.
Earlier in the session, the price briefly climbed to $1.89, but that recovery proved short-lived as momentum quickly flipped bearish.
#Toncoin Breaks Below Key Support Zones
Technical indicators are now flashing warning signs that traders are closely tracking. Toncoin has slipped below two critical support levels at $1.79 and $1.78, confirming a shift in short-term market sentiment.
This was not a low-liquidity move. Trading volume surged sharply during the breakdown, with more than 2.14 million tokens exchanged. That figure far exceeds the seven-day average, and elevated volume during a decline often signals activity from large holders. Such behavior typically suggests that institutions or high-net-worth investors may be trimming exposure.
Market data shows Toncoin reversing amid heavy volume and apparent large-scale exits | Source: TradingView
Momentum indicators reinforce the caution. The RSI moved into neutral territory following a bearish crossover on January 6, indicating fading buying strength rather than an immediate rebound setup.
Attention is now firmly on the $1.76 level. A failure to defend this zone could push the price into a lower demand range between $1.765 and $1.770. Without fresh buying interest, downside pressure is likely to persist.
Geopolitical Risk and Telegram’s Shadow
External developments are also weighing on sentiment. According to a recent Financial Times report, roughly $500 million worth of Telegram-issued bonds in Russia have been frozen due to Western sanctions linked to the Ukraine conflict.
Although Toncoin now operates as an open-source network, its origins remain closely tied to Telegram, which continues to rely on the blockchain for multiple features. As a result, negative headlines surrounding the company can still spill over into market confidence around the token. Even if the bond freeze has no direct technical impact, perceived risk often drives price action.
Concerns have also resurfaced around transparency. Disclosures show that Telegram sold more than $450 million worth of Toncoin late last year. While the company argues that these sales support decentralisation and plans to limit its holdings to 10% of total supply, market participants remain uneasy about the price impact of such large-scale distributions.
Positive Developments Fail to Shift Sentiment
The ongoing decline comes despite several notable ecosystem upgrades. #Telegram founder Pavel Durov recently introduced CoCoon, a decentralised AI compute platform built on the network that enables users to share GPU resources for rewards.
In parallel, xStocks has launched on the TON Wallet, giving users access to tokenised U.S. equities directly within the app. This effectively allows exposure to stocks such as Apple and Amazon through blockchain-based representations, a meaningful step forward for real-world asset integration.
Under normal conditions, developments of this scale would support price appreciation. However, technical weakness and broader macro concerns are currently dominating sentiment. Investors appear focused on balance-sheet implications after Telegram reported a net loss tied to declining token valuations.
While revenue from premium subscriptions and advertising continues to grow, ongoing token volatility is complicating the financial outlook and keeping pressure on market confidence.
Disclaimer: BFM Times provides information for educational purposes only and does not offer financial advice. Readers should consult a qualified financial advisor before making investment decisions.
$TON
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Solana Reclaims $117 Support as Analysts Target an 80% UpsideOn January 7, the price printed a short-term low near $117, a level that immediately attracted aggressive dip buyers. Demand returned quickly, and by January 9, the market had regained stability, consolidating around the $138 zone. Defending the Solana Demand Zone The rebound from the $117.43 area was not random. This region aligns with a historically strong accumulation zone where institutional buyers have repeatedly stepped in. It has proven to be a reliable demand pocket during periods of volatility. For the current recovery structure to remain valid, price must continue holding above the $120-$124 range. This zone now acts as the critical foundation for any sustained upside move and remains non-negotiable for bullish continuation. At present, Solana is trading comfortably above its key support layers. Market participants describe this phase as technical repair rather than trend failure. As long as price holds above $120, the recent pullback appears corrective, not destructive—suggesting compression rather than capitulation. A breakdown below $117, however, would invalidate this structure and likely shift downside focus toward the $90 region, forcing the market to reassess its medium-term trajectory. Why $147 Is the Level That Matters While $117 defines the downside floor, $147 remains the most important upside trigger. This level has consistently rejected price since late last year, acting as a ceiling for every attempted recovery. A decisive close above $147 would mark a structural shift, flipping market bias from defensive to constructive. Once reclaimed, upside expansion becomes far more probable. Analysts outline three key objectives if bulls secure this breakout. The first target sits near $167, representing roughly a 21% upside from current levels. Beyond that, the $180-$200 zone is expected to attract profit-taking pressure. The longer-term extension sits near $250, which would imply an approximate 80% upside into the 2026 cycle. Network Fundamentals Are Backing the Setup The bullish outlook is not based solely on technical formations. Under the hood, the network’s fundamentals have strengthened materially. A major catalyst is the Firedancer validator client, which went live on mainnet in December. Built by Jump Crypto, Firedancer dramatically improves performance, with test environments demonstrating throughput capacity of up to one million transactions per second. More than 20% of validators have already adopted it, significantly reducing the risk of network disruptions seen in previous cycles. Institutional capital is also entering through regulated channels. Assets under management in the Bitwise BSOL ETF recently crossed $1.02 billion, with nearly $800 million flowing in within a single week. This has introduced consistent, non-speculative buying pressure into the market. Usage metrics further reinforce the narrative. Active addresses have climbed to 3.78 million this year, total value locked has exceeded $9.1 billion, and stablecoin supply has expanded to $14.8 billion—clear signals that the network is being used for real economic activity, not just trading. The Risk of Short-Term Exhaustion Despite improving structure, momentum indicators suggest caution in the near term. The 4-hour RSI is hovering around 67, approaching overbought territory. If price fails to reclaim $147 decisively, consolidation or choppy sideways action becomes increasingly likely. In that scenario, Solana could remain range-bound between $117 and $147 for an extended period. Such environments tend to wear down retail traders, while larger players typically wait for a high-volume breakout before committing fresh capital. Disclaimer: BFM Times provides information strictly for educational purposes and does not offer financial advice. Always consult a qualified financial advisor before making investment decisions.

Solana Reclaims $117 Support as Analysts Target an 80% Upside

On January 7, the price printed a short-term low near $117, a level that immediately attracted aggressive dip buyers. Demand returned quickly, and by January 9, the market had regained stability, consolidating around the $138 zone.
Defending the Solana Demand Zone
The rebound from the $117.43 area was not random. This region aligns with a historically strong accumulation zone where institutional buyers have repeatedly stepped in. It has proven to be a reliable demand pocket during periods of volatility.
For the current recovery structure to remain valid, price must continue holding above the $120-$124 range. This zone now acts as the critical foundation for any sustained upside move and remains non-negotiable for bullish continuation.
At present, Solana is trading comfortably above its key support layers. Market participants describe this phase as technical repair rather than trend failure. As long as price holds above $120, the recent pullback appears corrective, not destructive—suggesting compression rather than capitulation.
A breakdown below $117, however, would invalidate this structure and likely shift downside focus toward the $90 region, forcing the market to reassess its medium-term trajectory.
Why $147 Is the Level That Matters
While $117 defines the downside floor, $147 remains the most important upside trigger. This level has consistently rejected price since late last year, acting as a ceiling for every attempted recovery.
A decisive close above $147 would mark a structural shift, flipping market bias from defensive to constructive. Once reclaimed, upside expansion becomes far more probable.
Analysts outline three key objectives if bulls secure this breakout. The first target sits near $167, representing roughly a 21% upside from current levels. Beyond that, the $180-$200 zone is expected to attract profit-taking pressure. The longer-term extension sits near $250, which would imply an approximate 80% upside into the 2026 cycle.
Network Fundamentals Are Backing the Setup
The bullish outlook is not based solely on technical formations. Under the hood, the network’s fundamentals have strengthened materially.
A major catalyst is the Firedancer validator client, which went live on mainnet in December. Built by Jump Crypto, Firedancer dramatically improves performance, with test environments demonstrating throughput capacity of up to one million transactions per second. More than 20% of validators have already adopted it, significantly reducing the risk of network disruptions seen in previous cycles.
Institutional capital is also entering through regulated channels. Assets under management in the Bitwise BSOL ETF recently crossed $1.02 billion, with nearly $800 million flowing in within a single week. This has introduced consistent, non-speculative buying pressure into the market.
Usage metrics further reinforce the narrative. Active addresses have climbed to 3.78 million this year, total value locked has exceeded $9.1 billion, and stablecoin supply has expanded to $14.8 billion—clear signals that the network is being used for real economic activity, not just trading.
The Risk of Short-Term Exhaustion
Despite improving structure, momentum indicators suggest caution in the near term. The 4-hour RSI is hovering around 67, approaching overbought territory. If price fails to reclaim $147 decisively, consolidation or choppy sideways action becomes increasingly likely.
In that scenario, Solana could remain range-bound between $117 and $147 for an extended period. Such environments tend to wear down retail traders, while larger players typically wait for a high-volume breakout before committing fresh capital.
Disclaimer: BFM Times provides information strictly for educational purposes and does not offer financial advice. Always consult a qualified financial advisor before making investment decisions.
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Dlaczego rynki zakładów widzą Ethereum w martwym punkcie - i dlaczego może to być błądObecnie Ethereum znajduje się na skrzyżowaniu dwóch przeciwnych sił. Dane rynkowe w krótkim okresie sugerują, że inwestorzy przygotowują się na stagnację. Tymczasem, pod powierzchnią, sieć przygotowuje się do swojej najważniejszej przebudowy od momentu połączenia. Rynki wyceniają nudę Dane sentymentu z zdecentralizowanych platform predykcyjnych wskazują na ostrożność, a nie przekonanie. Na takich platformach jak Polymarket, traderzy w dużej mierze przygotowują się na boczną akcję cenową zamiast zdecydowanego wyłamania. Od 9 stycznia Ethereum handluje w pobliżu 3 212 $. Chociaż odzyskało od ubiegłorocznych minimów, aktywo nadal utknęło poniżej strefy oporu 3 500 $. Kontrakty predykcyjne o wysokiej płynności wskazują, że wielu uczestników spodziewa się, że ETH pozostanie w wąskim zakresie przynajmniej do końca pierwszego kwartału.

Dlaczego rynki zakładów widzą Ethereum w martwym punkcie - i dlaczego może to być błąd

Obecnie Ethereum znajduje się na skrzyżowaniu dwóch przeciwnych sił.
Dane rynkowe w krótkim okresie sugerują, że inwestorzy przygotowują się na stagnację. Tymczasem, pod powierzchnią, sieć przygotowuje się do swojej najważniejszej przebudowy od momentu połączenia.
Rynki wyceniają nudę
Dane sentymentu z zdecentralizowanych platform predykcyjnych wskazują na ostrożność, a nie przekonanie. Na takich platformach jak Polymarket, traderzy w dużej mierze przygotowują się na boczną akcję cenową zamiast zdecydowanego wyłamania.
Od 9 stycznia Ethereum handluje w pobliżu 3 212 $. Chociaż odzyskało od ubiegłorocznych minimów, aktywo nadal utknęło poniżej strefy oporu 3 500 $. Kontrakty predykcyjne o wysokiej płynności wskazują, że wielu uczestników spodziewa się, że ETH pozostanie w wąskim zakresie przynajmniej do końca pierwszego kwartału.
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#BFMTimesNews: Prezydent Trumpa memecoin $TRUMP obchodzi swoją pierwszą rocznicę, chociaż spadł o około 93% od swojego najwyższego poziomu od momentu uruchomienia.
#BFMTimesNews: Prezydent Trumpa memecoin $TRUMP obchodzi swoją pierwszą rocznicę, chociaż spadł o około 93% od swojego najwyższego poziomu od momentu uruchomienia.
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US Senate Sets January Vote on the CLARITY ActKey Insights The U.S. Senate Banking Committee will vote on the #CLARITYAct on January 15.The bill aims to end the long-running jurisdictional fight between the SEC and the CFTC by clearly defining how digital assets are regulated.A proposed “Maturity Test” would allow sufficiently decentralised tokens to transition from SEC oversight to the CFTC.After nearly a decade of regulatory uncertainty, the U.S. crypto market may finally get a unified framework. For almost ten years, the U.S. crypto industry has operated in a regulatory grey zone. Two federal watchdogs-the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission-have repeatedly clashed over who should control the digital asset market. The result has been confusion, stalled innovation, and rising legal risk for businesses and investors. That stalemate may now be nearing an end. The Senate Banking Committee has formally scheduled a vote on the CLARITY Act for January 15, marking one of the most serious attempts yet to bring order to U.S. crypto regulation. Why the CLARITY Act Matters Now The core issue is structural. Regulators are still relying on financial laws written in the 1930s to oversee blockchain-based assets that did not exist even a decade ago. These outdated frameworks leave too much room for interpretation, which has repeatedly pushed agencies into conflict. Instead of clear rules, enforcement has become the primary regulatory tool. Agencies have relied heavily on lawsuits to assert authority, creating what the industry now calls “regulation by enforcement.” This approach has been costly and inefficient. Since 2020, the SEC alone has launched more than 100 enforcement actions against crypto-related firms, resulting in billions of dollars spent on legal defenses and penalties. At the same time, the digital asset market has expanded into a $3.1 trillion ecosystem-still without a unified federal rulebook governing how assets are issued, traded, or classified. The CLARITY Act was introduced to close this gap. How the CLARITY Act Restructures Crypto Oversight The bill replaces ambiguity with a structured classification system that divides digital assets into three clear categories. Each category comes with a designated regulator, removing the constant debate over whether a token is a security or a commodity. 1. Digital Commodities Tokens linked to fully decentralised and mature blockchain networks fall into this category. If no single entity controls the protocol, the asset qualifies as a digital commodity and falls under the CFTC’s exclusive oversight. This classification would formally anchor assets like Bitcoin and Ethereum within a permanent regulatory home. 2. Investment Tokens Tokens issued primarily to raise capital for a central team remain under SEC jurisdiction, as they closely resemble traditional securities. However, the bill introduces a transition pathway. As projects decentralise over time, they can move out of SEC oversight and into the CFTC’s domain-offering founders a predictable long-term regulatory roadmap. 3. Payment Stablecoins Stablecoins used for payments are governed under stricter standards, aligned with recent stablecoin legislation. Issuers must maintain full 1:1 backing with low-risk assets such as U.S. Treasuries. Federal banking regulators would oversee issuers to ensure solvency, transparency, and systemic stability. The Role of the Maturity Test The most consequential feature of the CLARITY Act is the Maturity Test. This mechanism allows a project to demonstrate that its network is no longer controlled by a single group or entity. A blockchain passes the test when no individual or organisation can unilaterally alter how the network functions. Bitcoin meets this threshold by default, while other projects could qualify as they decentralise. Once approved, a token is legally treated as a commodity rather than a security. This removes the long-standing fear that successful decentralisation could still leave projects trapped under perpetual securities scrutiny. For developers, this clarity means fewer legal battles and more focus on building. Why the January 15 Vote Is Critical Timing is everything. A potential government shutdown around January 30 could once again derail progress if the bill is delayed. With U.S. midterm elections approaching later in the year, January may represent the last realistic window for meaningful action. Key lawmakers, including Senator Tim Scott and Senator John Boozman, are currently resolving final points of contention. These include how decentralised finance protocols-often lacking formal leadership structures-should be handled, and whether crypto exchanges can offer yield or rewards on stablecoin balances. If consensus is reached, the January vote could mark a turning point for U.S. crypto regulation. Disclaimer: BFM Times provides information strictly for educational and informational purposes and does not offer financial or investment advice. Always consult a qualified financial advisor before making investment decisions.

US Senate Sets January Vote on the CLARITY Act

Key Insights
The U.S. Senate Banking Committee will vote on the #CLARITYAct on January 15.The bill aims to end the long-running jurisdictional fight between the SEC and the CFTC by clearly defining how digital assets are regulated.A proposed “Maturity Test” would allow sufficiently decentralised tokens to transition from SEC oversight to the CFTC.After nearly a decade of regulatory uncertainty, the U.S. crypto market may finally get a unified framework.

For almost ten years, the U.S. crypto industry has operated in a regulatory grey zone. Two federal watchdogs-the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission-have repeatedly clashed over who should control the digital asset market. The result has been confusion, stalled innovation, and rising legal risk for businesses and investors.
That stalemate may now be nearing an end. The Senate Banking Committee has formally scheduled a vote on the CLARITY Act for January 15, marking one of the most serious attempts yet to bring order to U.S. crypto regulation.
Why the CLARITY Act Matters Now
The core issue is structural. Regulators are still relying on financial laws written in the 1930s to oversee blockchain-based assets that did not exist even a decade ago. These outdated frameworks leave too much room for interpretation, which has repeatedly pushed agencies into conflict.
Instead of clear rules, enforcement has become the primary regulatory tool. Agencies have relied heavily on lawsuits to assert authority, creating what the industry now calls “regulation by enforcement.” This approach has been costly and inefficient.
Since 2020, the SEC alone has launched more than 100 enforcement actions against crypto-related firms, resulting in billions of dollars spent on legal defenses and penalties. At the same time, the digital asset market has expanded into a $3.1 trillion ecosystem-still without a unified federal rulebook governing how assets are issued, traded, or classified.
The CLARITY Act was introduced to close this gap.
How the CLARITY Act Restructures Crypto Oversight
The bill replaces ambiguity with a structured classification system that divides digital assets into three clear categories. Each category comes with a designated regulator, removing the constant debate over whether a token is a security or a commodity.
1. Digital Commodities

Tokens linked to fully decentralised and mature blockchain networks fall into this category. If no single entity controls the protocol, the asset qualifies as a digital commodity and falls under the CFTC’s exclusive oversight. This classification would formally anchor assets like Bitcoin and Ethereum within a permanent regulatory home.
2. Investment Tokens

Tokens issued primarily to raise capital for a central team remain under SEC jurisdiction, as they closely resemble traditional securities. However, the bill introduces a transition pathway. As projects decentralise over time, they can move out of SEC oversight and into the CFTC’s domain-offering founders a predictable long-term regulatory roadmap.
3. Payment Stablecoins

Stablecoins used for payments are governed under stricter standards, aligned with recent stablecoin legislation. Issuers must maintain full 1:1 backing with low-risk assets such as U.S. Treasuries. Federal banking regulators would oversee issuers to ensure solvency, transparency, and systemic stability.
The Role of the Maturity Test
The most consequential feature of the CLARITY Act is the Maturity Test. This mechanism allows a project to demonstrate that its network is no longer controlled by a single group or entity.
A blockchain passes the test when no individual or organisation can unilaterally alter how the network functions. Bitcoin meets this threshold by default, while other projects could qualify as they decentralise.
Once approved, a token is legally treated as a commodity rather than a security. This removes the long-standing fear that successful decentralisation could still leave projects trapped under perpetual securities scrutiny. For developers, this clarity means fewer legal battles and more focus on building.
Why the January 15 Vote Is Critical
Timing is everything. A potential government shutdown around January 30 could once again derail progress if the bill is delayed. With U.S. midterm elections approaching later in the year, January may represent the last realistic window for meaningful action.
Key lawmakers, including Senator Tim Scott and Senator John Boozman, are currently resolving final points of contention. These include how decentralised finance protocols-often lacking formal leadership structures-should be handled, and whether crypto exchanges can offer yield or rewards on stablecoin balances.
If consensus is reached, the January vote could mark a turning point for U.S. crypto regulation.
Disclaimer: BFM Times provides information strictly for educational and informational purposes and does not offer financial or investment advice. Always consult a qualified financial advisor before making investment decisions.
Tłumacz
Who Protects the Blockchain When There’s No Central Authority?At its core, a blockchain operates like a global virtual computer, built and maintained by thousands-or even millions-of real machines distributed across the world. Decentralized Infrastructure Blockchains rely on a virtual execution layer that is supported by independent physical computers known as nodes. These nodes can range from modest personal machines running minimal workloads to industrial-scale mining rigs delivering massive computational power. While some private or corporate networks operate with a limited number of nodes, major public blockchains operate at global scale, drawing strength from widespread participation rather than centralized control. This distribution ensures that no single entity owns or controls the system. The greater the number and diversity of nodes, the stronger and more resilient the network becomes. Trustless Transaction Validation Every transaction submitted to a blockchain is subjected to rigorous verification before it is permanently recorded. Multiple validators independently examine each transaction to confirm its validity. Once a predefined threshold of agreement is reached, the transaction is finalized and added to the ledger. Validators are selected through automated and randomized mechanisms. This design prevents any individual validator-or coordinated group-from dominating the validation process. As a result, attempting to manipulate transaction outcomes becomes computationally and economically impractical on sufficiently decentralized networks. Preventing and Punishing Malicious Behavior Blockchain systems are designed to block invalid actions at the source. Users cannot submit malformed or fraudulent transactions because the network enforces strict rules before acceptance. Validators, meanwhile, are continuously monitored by other participants. Any attempt to alter data or act dishonestly is quickly detected. In Proof of Work systems, malicious validators are excluded from participation. In Proof of Stake networks, dishonest behavior results in penalties that can include the permanent loss of staked assets. This automated enforcement removes the need for human intervention or centralized policing. Frequently Asked Questions Does every blockchain have a central authority? No. Some networks operate with centralized control structures, while others are fully decentralized and governed by protocol rules rather than organizations. How do blockchains reach agreement without a central controller? They rely on consensus mechanisms that require multiple independent validators to confirm the same outcome. What is the defining feature of blockchains that prevents centralized control? Decentralization.

Who Protects the Blockchain When There’s No Central Authority?

At its core, a blockchain operates like a global virtual computer, built and maintained by thousands-or even millions-of real machines distributed across the world.
Decentralized Infrastructure
Blockchains rely on a virtual execution layer that is supported by independent physical computers known as nodes. These nodes can range from modest personal machines running minimal workloads to industrial-scale mining rigs delivering massive computational power. While some private or corporate networks operate with a limited number of nodes, major public blockchains operate at global scale, drawing strength from widespread participation rather than centralized control.
This distribution ensures that no single entity owns or controls the system. The greater the number and diversity of nodes, the stronger and more resilient the network becomes.
Trustless Transaction Validation
Every transaction submitted to a blockchain is subjected to rigorous verification before it is permanently recorded. Multiple validators independently examine each transaction to confirm its validity. Once a predefined threshold of agreement is reached, the transaction is finalized and added to the ledger.
Validators are selected through automated and randomized mechanisms. This design prevents any individual validator-or coordinated group-from dominating the validation process. As a result, attempting to manipulate transaction outcomes becomes computationally and economically impractical on sufficiently decentralized networks.
Preventing and Punishing Malicious Behavior
Blockchain systems are designed to block invalid actions at the source. Users cannot submit malformed or fraudulent transactions because the network enforces strict rules before acceptance.
Validators, meanwhile, are continuously monitored by other participants. Any attempt to alter data or act dishonestly is quickly detected. In Proof of Work systems, malicious validators are excluded from participation. In Proof of Stake networks, dishonest behavior results in penalties that can include the permanent loss of staked assets.
This automated enforcement removes the need for human intervention or centralized policing.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does every blockchain have a central authority?

No. Some networks operate with centralized control structures, while others are fully decentralized and governed by protocol rules rather than organizations.
How do blockchains reach agreement without a central controller?

They rely on consensus mechanisms that require multiple independent validators to confirm the same outcome.
What is the defining feature of blockchains that prevents centralized control?

Decentralization.
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The U.S. has finalized its first Venezuelan oil sale worth $500 million, marking a fresh phase in energy trade as revenues remain under controlled oversight in Qatar. #venezuela #usa
The U.S. has finalized its first Venezuelan oil sale worth $500 million, marking a fresh phase in energy trade as revenues remain under controlled oversight in Qatar.

#venezuela #usa
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Binance Launches Gold and Silver Perpetual Futures Trading#Binance has expanded its derivatives lineup by introducing perpetual futures linked to gold and silver prices, marking a clear push toward blending traditional commodities with crypto-native trading tools. The announcement landed as precious metals continue to outperform many major digital assets, drawing renewed interest from traders seeking stability alongside volatility. Binance Rolls Out #GOLD and #Silver Perpetuals The exchange has launched XAU/USDT and XAG/USDT perpetual contracts, allowing users to trade gold and silver price movements directly on Binance. All settlements are handled in Tether’s USDT, removing the need for physical metal ownership, custody concerns, or traditional banking rails. For crypto-native traders, the experience mirrors trading Bitcoin or Ethereum—same interface, different asset class. Timing Backed by Strong Metal Performance The launch aligns with a powerful rally in precious metals. Gold surged roughly 67% over the past year, hitting an all-time high near $4,549 in late December. Silver followed with even stronger momentum, climbing about 152% to touch $83. This level of volatility has caught the attention of crypto traders accustomed to fast-moving markets. How These Contracts Actually Work Unlike standard futures, perpetual contracts do not expire. Traders can hold positions indefinitely without monthly rollovers, as long as margin requirements are met. These instruments track price movements only—no physical gold or silver changes hands. Binance sources pricing from multiple market data providers to keep quotes aligned with global commodities markets. Trading remains available 24/7, although price updates pause when underlying spot markets are closed. Why #traders Are Rotating Into Precious Metals The renewed interest is largely tied to the “debasement trade.” Persistent government spending, elevated inflation, and ongoing currency dilution have pushed investors toward assets with limited supply. Gold and silver have long served as hedges during economic uncertainty. With Bitcoin recently down around 5% while metals continued climbing, traders are increasingly using commodities to balance crypto-heavy portfolios without moving capital off-platform. #USDT and Regulatory Context USDT plays a central role in this rollout, reinforcing its position as a settlement layer for tokenised exposure to traditional assets. Binance is effectively positioning stablecoins as a universal checkout currency for global markets. These contracts are offered under Binance’s Abu Dhabi license, adding a regulatory framework absent from many offshore derivatives platforms. Access, however, still varies by region, particularly under Europe’s evolving MiCA rules. Disclaimer: BFM Times provides information strictly for educational purposes and does not offer financial advice. Readers should consult a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions.

Binance Launches Gold and Silver Perpetual Futures Trading

#Binance has expanded its derivatives lineup by introducing perpetual futures linked to gold and silver prices, marking a clear push toward blending traditional commodities with crypto-native trading tools. The announcement landed as precious metals continue to outperform many major digital assets, drawing renewed interest from traders seeking stability alongside volatility.
Binance Rolls Out #GOLD and #Silver Perpetuals
The exchange has launched XAU/USDT and XAG/USDT perpetual contracts, allowing users to trade gold and silver price movements directly on Binance. All settlements are handled in Tether’s USDT, removing the need for physical metal ownership, custody concerns, or traditional banking rails. For crypto-native traders, the experience mirrors trading Bitcoin or Ethereum—same interface, different asset class.
Timing Backed by Strong Metal Performance
The launch aligns with a powerful rally in precious metals. Gold surged roughly 67% over the past year, hitting an all-time high near $4,549 in late December. Silver followed with even stronger momentum, climbing about 152% to touch $83. This level of volatility has caught the attention of crypto traders accustomed to fast-moving markets.
How These Contracts Actually Work
Unlike standard futures, perpetual contracts do not expire. Traders can hold positions indefinitely without monthly rollovers, as long as margin requirements are met. These instruments track price movements only—no physical gold or silver changes hands. Binance sources pricing from multiple market data providers to keep quotes aligned with global commodities markets. Trading remains available 24/7, although price updates pause when underlying spot markets are closed.
Why #traders Are Rotating Into Precious Metals
The renewed interest is largely tied to the “debasement trade.” Persistent government spending, elevated inflation, and ongoing currency dilution have pushed investors toward assets with limited supply. Gold and silver have long served as hedges during economic uncertainty. With Bitcoin recently down around 5% while metals continued climbing, traders are increasingly using commodities to balance crypto-heavy portfolios without moving capital off-platform.
#USDT and Regulatory Context
USDT plays a central role in this rollout, reinforcing its position as a settlement layer for tokenised exposure to traditional assets. Binance is effectively positioning stablecoins as a universal checkout currency for global markets. These contracts are offered under Binance’s Abu Dhabi license, adding a regulatory framework absent from many offshore derivatives platforms. Access, however, still varies by region, particularly under Europe’s evolving MiCA rules.
Disclaimer: BFM Times provides information strictly for educational purposes and does not offer financial advice. Readers should consult a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions.
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Former NYC Mayor Eric Adams pushes back on claims of benefiting from the NYC token turmoil, calling the allegations misleading as scrutiny around digital assets continues to grow #ericadams
Former NYC Mayor Eric Adams pushes back on claims of benefiting from the NYC token turmoil, calling the allegations misleading as scrutiny around digital assets continues to grow

#ericadams
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Maria Corina hands over her Nobel Peace Prize medal to Donald Trump, marking a symbolic political moment that has drawn global attention. #TRUMP
Maria Corina hands over her Nobel Peace Prize medal to Donald Trump, marking a symbolic political moment that has drawn global attention.

#TRUMP
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A timeless reminder that wisdom is built through trial, error, and growth. Every lesson shapes better decisions ahead.
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The US and Denmark are setting up a joint working group to explore discussions around Greenland’s potential acquisition, signaling a rare geopolitical and economic dialogue. #GreenlandAcquisition
The US and Denmark are setting up a joint working group to explore discussions around Greenland’s potential acquisition, signaling a rare geopolitical and economic dialogue.

#GreenlandAcquisition
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US crypto regulation faces fresh uncertainty as the Clarity Act appears unlikely to be signed in 2026, raising new questions for digital asset markets and policy direction. #US #CLARITYAct
US crypto regulation faces fresh uncertainty as the Clarity Act appears unlikely to be signed in 2026, raising new questions for digital asset markets and policy direction.

#US #CLARITYAct
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US Senate Schedules CLARITY Act Vote for Later This MonthKey Takeaways The Senate Banking Committee is set to vote on the CLARITY Act on January 15, a decision that could finally reshape how digital assets are regulated in the United States.The legislation is designed to end the long-running jurisdictional conflict between the SEC and the CFTC by introducing clear, functional categories for cryptocurrencies and related assets.At the center of the proposal is a new “Maturity Test,” which would allow sufficiently decentralized networks to transition from SEC oversight to the CFTC. For nearly a decade, the US crypto sector has operated in regulatory limbo. Two powerful watchdogs-the SEC and the CFTC-have competed for authority, leaving founders, investors, and exchanges navigating uncertainty. That stalemate may now be breaking. Lawmakers in Washington have formally placed the CLARITY Act on the Senate Banking Committee’s calendar, with a decisive vote scheduled for January 15. Why the CLARITY Act Matters Now The root of the problem lies in outdated legislation. Regulators are still attempting to apply financial laws written in the 1930s to blockchain-based systems that did not exist at the time. Because these frameworks do not map cleanly onto digital assets, enforcement has replaced clarity. Instead of rulebooks, agencies have relied on lawsuits to assert control-an approach widely criticized as “regulation by enforcement.” The consequences have been costly. Since 2020, the SEC alone has launched more than 100 enforcement actions against crypto-related firms, resulting in billions of dollars in penalties and legal expenses. This has occurred while the digital asset market has expanded beyond $3.1 trillion in value-yet still lacks a comprehensive federal structure governing how assets are issued, traded, and classified. The CLARITY Act aims to close that gap. The Core Structure of the CLARITY Act The bill introduces a formal classification system to replace ambiguity. Digital assets are divided into three distinct categories, each with a clear regulatory authority. The first category covers tokens linked to decentralized, fully developed blockchain networks. When no single entity controls a system, its token qualifies as a Digital Commodity and falls under the sole jurisdiction of the CFTC. This category would firmly establish regulatory certainty for assets like Bitcoin and Ethereum, as well as other networks that have outgrown centralized leadership. The second category applies to tokens initially sold to fund a core development team. These assets remain under SEC supervision because they resemble traditional investment instruments. Crucially, the bill does not lock projects into this status permanently. As decentralization increases, tokens can transition to CFTC oversight, offering a defined and predictable path forward for builders. The third category addresses payment-focused stablecoins. Building on prior stablecoin legislation, the CLARITY Act enforces strict safeguards, including full 1:1 backing with low-risk assets such as US Treasuries. Issuers would also be subject to ongoing supervision by federal banking regulators to ensure stability and consumer protection. The Role of the Maturity Test The Maturity Test is the most transformative element of the bill. It allows a project to demonstrate that its network has reached a level of decentralization where no individual or group can unilaterally control or alter its operation. Once a network meets this standard, its token is legally treated as a commodity rather than a security. This removes a major fear within the industry-that success and adoption could actually increase regulatory risk. For developers, this clarity is critical. It shifts resources away from legal defense and toward innovation, product development, and long-term infrastructure building. Why the January 15 Vote Is Critical Timing is everything. A potential government shutdown later in January could derail legislative momentum, pushing the bill back into uncertainty. In addition, upcoming midterm elections narrow the window for bipartisan action. Key senators are still resolving outstanding concerns, including how decentralized finance protocols should be addressed given their lack of centralized governance, and whether exchanges should be permitted to offer yield or rewards on stablecoin holdings. These final negotiations must be completed quickly if the bill is to advance. Disclaimer: BFM Times provides information strictly for educational purposes and does not offer financial advice. Readers should consult a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions.

US Senate Schedules CLARITY Act Vote for Later This Month

Key Takeaways
The Senate Banking Committee is set to vote on the CLARITY Act on January 15, a decision that could finally reshape how digital assets are regulated in the United States.The legislation is designed to end the long-running jurisdictional conflict between the SEC and the CFTC by introducing clear, functional categories for cryptocurrencies and related assets.At the center of the proposal is a new “Maturity Test,” which would allow sufficiently decentralized networks to transition from SEC oversight to the CFTC.

For nearly a decade, the US crypto sector has operated in regulatory limbo. Two powerful watchdogs-the SEC and the CFTC-have competed for authority, leaving founders, investors, and exchanges navigating uncertainty. That stalemate may now be breaking. Lawmakers in Washington have formally placed the CLARITY Act on the Senate Banking Committee’s calendar, with a decisive vote scheduled for January 15.
Why the CLARITY Act Matters Now
The root of the problem lies in outdated legislation. Regulators are still attempting to apply financial laws written in the 1930s to blockchain-based systems that did not exist at the time.
Because these frameworks do not map cleanly onto digital assets, enforcement has replaced clarity. Instead of rulebooks, agencies have relied on lawsuits to assert control-an approach widely criticized as “regulation by enforcement.”
The consequences have been costly. Since 2020, the SEC alone has launched more than 100 enforcement actions against crypto-related firms, resulting in billions of dollars in penalties and legal expenses.
This has occurred while the digital asset market has expanded beyond $3.1 trillion in value-yet still lacks a comprehensive federal structure governing how assets are issued, traded, and classified. The CLARITY Act aims to close that gap.
The Core Structure of the CLARITY Act
The bill introduces a formal classification system to replace ambiguity. Digital assets are divided into three distinct categories, each with a clear regulatory authority.
The first category covers tokens linked to decentralized, fully developed blockchain networks. When no single entity controls a system, its token qualifies as a Digital Commodity and falls under the sole jurisdiction of the CFTC. This category would firmly establish regulatory certainty for assets like Bitcoin and Ethereum, as well as other networks that have outgrown centralized leadership.
The second category applies to tokens initially sold to fund a core development team. These assets remain under SEC supervision because they resemble traditional investment instruments. Crucially, the bill does not lock projects into this status permanently. As decentralization increases, tokens can transition to CFTC oversight, offering a defined and predictable path forward for builders.
The third category addresses payment-focused stablecoins. Building on prior stablecoin legislation, the CLARITY Act enforces strict safeguards, including full 1:1 backing with low-risk assets such as US Treasuries. Issuers would also be subject to ongoing supervision by federal banking regulators to ensure stability and consumer protection.
The Role of the Maturity Test
The Maturity Test is the most transformative element of the bill. It allows a project to demonstrate that its network has reached a level of decentralization where no individual or group can unilaterally control or alter its operation.
Once a network meets this standard, its token is legally treated as a commodity rather than a security. This removes a major fear within the industry-that success and adoption could actually increase regulatory risk.
For developers, this clarity is critical. It shifts resources away from legal defense and toward innovation, product development, and long-term infrastructure building.
Why the January 15 Vote Is Critical
Timing is everything. A potential government shutdown later in January could derail legislative momentum, pushing the bill back into uncertainty. In addition, upcoming midterm elections narrow the window for bipartisan action.
Key senators are still resolving outstanding concerns, including how decentralized finance protocols should be addressed given their lack of centralized governance, and whether exchanges should be permitted to offer yield or rewards on stablecoin holdings.
These final negotiations must be completed quickly if the bill is to advance.
Disclaimer: BFM Times provides information strictly for educational purposes and does not offer financial advice. Readers should consult a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions.
Zobacz oryginał
Perspektywy XRP opierają się na danych, a nie na hype'ieTak - długoterminowe znaczenie XRP wspierane jest przez kilka strukturalnych zalet. Utrzymuje wielomiliardową kapitalizację rynkową, jest już zintegrowane z wieloma instytucjami bankowymi i działa w dojrzałym ekosystemie, który obejmuje On-Demand Liquidity (ODL), XRP Ledger i RLUSD. Z ponad 7,5 miliona użytkowników na całym świecie, XRP nie jest już spekulacyjnym eksperymentem - to aktywna sieć finansowa. Siła Rynkowa XRP Po zakończeniu swojej bitwy regulacyjnej z SEC, XRP solidnie zajął miejsce wśród pięciu najlepszych kryptowalut pod względem kapitalizacji rynkowej. Przez większość 2025 roku jego wycena utrzymywała się powyżej 100 miliardów dolarów, co odzwierciedla utrzymujące się zaufanie ze strony inwestorów i instytucji.

Perspektywy XRP opierają się na danych, a nie na hype'ie

Tak - długoterminowe znaczenie XRP wspierane jest przez kilka strukturalnych zalet. Utrzymuje wielomiliardową kapitalizację rynkową, jest już zintegrowane z wieloma instytucjami bankowymi i działa w dojrzałym ekosystemie, który obejmuje On-Demand Liquidity (ODL), XRP Ledger i RLUSD. Z ponad 7,5 miliona użytkowników na całym świecie, XRP nie jest już spekulacyjnym eksperymentem - to aktywna sieć finansowa.
Siła Rynkowa XRP
Po zakończeniu swojej bitwy regulacyjnej z SEC, XRP solidnie zajął miejsce wśród pięciu najlepszych kryptowalut pod względem kapitalizacji rynkowej. Przez większość 2025 roku jego wycena utrzymywała się powyżej 100 miliardów dolarów, co odzwierciedla utrzymujące się zaufanie ze strony inwestorów i instytucji.
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