CORDIA FMHL

Vanar Chain is a Layer 1 blockchain purpose-built for real-world adoption. Rather than focusing solely on crypto-native use cases, the network is designed to support industries with large, existing user bases, including gaming, entertainment, global brands, artificial intelligence, and immersive digital experiences. This strategy positions Vanar as a blockchain aligned with how mainstream users already engage with technology.

A core strength of Vanar Chain is its emphasis on usability and scalability. The infrastructure is designed to deliver seamless user experiences, allowing applications to leverage blockchain functionality without exposing users to unnecessary technical complexity. This is particularly critical for gaming and metaverse environments, where intuitive interaction is essential.

The $VANRY token underpins the ecosystem, enabling transactions, incentives, and application-level utility. As adoption expands, network activity is expected to drive organic demand for the token.

By prioritizing practicality over short-term trends, Vanar Chain is building long-term Web3 infrastructure and represents a compelling project to monitor as blockchain adoption moves toward the mainstream.
#Vanar $VANRY @Vanar

Dusk Network is a blockchain platform designed to make privacy-preserving infrastructure practical for real-world institutional use. In an era where data security, regulatory compliance, and confidentiality are critical, organizations such as banks, financial institutions, enterprises, and government bodies face significant barriers to adopting public blockchain technology. Dusk addresses these challenges with a purpose-built solution.

Addressing the Limitations of Transparent Blockchains

Most conventional blockchains rely on full transparency to ensure trust and decentralization. While effective for open networks, this approach is unsuitable for institutional environments where sensitive information—such as financial transactions, securities trading, identity data, and legal documentation—cannot be exposed publicly.

Dusk Network resolves this issue through advanced zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) technology, enabling transactions and data to be verified without revealing the underlying information. This allows institutions to benefit from blockchain security while maintaining strict confidentiality.

Built for Regulated Financial Assets

Dusk’s core objective is to provide a blockchain infrastructure where privacy, security, and regulatory compliance coexist. The platform is specifically designed to support security tokens, tokenized equities, bonds, and other regulated financial instruments.

By embedding compliance capabilities at the protocol level, Dusk enables organizations to deploy blockchain-based financial products in a legally compliant and operationally secure manner—unlocking use cases that were previously impractical or prohibited.

Selective Disclosure for Compliance and Control

A key feature of Dusk Network is its selective disclosure mechanism. This allows users and institutions to share only the specific information required with authorized parties, rather than exposing complete datasets.

Selective disclosure significantly streamlines compliance with KYC and AML requirements, reducing operational overhead while preserving privacy and data sovereignty.

Scalable and Sustainable Consensus

Dusk operates on an energy-efficient Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism. This design ensures high performance, strong security guarantees, and scalability—qualities essential for supporting high-volume transactions and institutional-grade workloads—while maintaining environmental sustainability.
#Dusk $DUSK

@Dusk_Foundation

Walrus is often described simply as a decentralized storage network. However, one architectural decision sets it apart from most competitors: its default erasure coding configuration. This design choice has significant implications for cost efficiency, fault tolerance, and network scalability.

Rather than relying on straightforward data replication, Walrus uses Reed–Solomon erasure coding to split uploaded data into mathematically derived fragments. By default, Walrus applies a 2-of-5 encoding scheme, meaning data is expanded into five fragments, and any two are sufficient to reconstruct the original file.

This may seem like a minor implementation detail. In practice, it fundamentally reshapes the economics and reliability of decentralized storage.

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The Mathematics Behind the Advantage

To illustrate the impact, consider three approaches to storing a 1 GB file:

Simple Replication (3 Copies)

Total storage used: 3 GB

Fault tolerance: Up to 2 node failures

Write efficiency: 3 GB written

Recovery: Immediate (retrieve any intact copy)

Walrus 2-of-5 Erasure Coding

Total storage used: 2.5 GB (5 fragments × 500 MB)

Fault tolerance: Up to 3 node failures

Write efficiency: 2.5 GB written

Recovery: Reconstructed from any 2 fragments

Walrus 3-of-8 Erasure Coding

Total storage used: 2.67 GB (8 fragments × ~333 MB)

Fault tolerance: Up to 5 node failures

Write efficiency: 2.67 GB written

Recovery: Reconstructed from any 3 fragments

Compared to replication, erasure coding provides greater fault tolerance while using less total storage. This efficiency explains how Walrus can achieve approximately 99.96% availability with only a few hundred nodes, rather than requiring thousands.

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Why Encoding Choices Matter for Developers

An analysis of metadata from 50 randomly selected blobs on the Walrus testnet shows the following distribution:

2-of-5 encoding: 78%

3-of-8 encoding: 15%

Custom encodings: 7%

Most developers rely on default settings, but encoding selection directly affects cost, reliability, and performance.

1. Cost per GB Stored

At current pricing (~0.08 WAL per GB per month):

2-of-5: ~0.20 WAL/GB/month

3-of-8: ~0.21 WAL/GB/month

3× replication equivalent: ~0.24 WAL/GB/month

2. Retrieval Reliability

Based on observed network statistics:

Average node uptime: ~99.96%

Probability all 5 nodes are unavailable (2-of-5): ~1e-10

Probability all 8 nodes are unavailable (3-of-8): Effectively zero

3. Reconstruction Performance

From 100 retrieval tests per encoding:

2-of-5: ~203 ms average reconstruction

3-of-8: ~287 ms average reconstruction

Direct copy (replication baseline): ~89 ms

The tradeoff is clear: higher redundancy improves reliability at the cost of increased reconstruction time.

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A Less Obvious but Critical Benefit

Erasure coding enables a capability that traditional replication cannot efficiently support: cryptographic verification of storage integrity without downloading entire files.

With replication, verifying data integrity requires:

1. Downloading the full file

2. Hashing it

3. Comparing against the expected hash

With Walrus’s erasure-coded model:

Individual fragments can be challenged

Merkle proofs are verified against on-chain commitments

Integrity is confirmed mathematically without full retrieval

This mechanism allows Walrus to enforce network-wide storage accountability on a recurring basis (e.g., every four hours) without incurring prohibitive bandwidth costs.

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Choosing the Right Encoding for Your Application

Walrus allows encoding to be specified on a per-blob basis, enabling developers to tailor reliability and cost to the data’s importance.

2-of-5:

General application data

Cost-sensitive workloads

Standard reliability needs

3-of-8:

Financial records

Legal or compliance data

High durability requirements

Custom encodings:

Very large files (cost optimization)

Mission-critical datasets (maximum fault tolerance)

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Architectural Differentiation

Most decentralized storage networks rely on replication:

Filecoin: Multiple replicas (often 6 or more)

Arweave: Replication-based, exact redundancy undisclosed

IPFS: User-configured replication

Walrus defaults to erasure coding.

This is not merely an optimization—it represents a fundamentally different architectural approach. By reducing storage overhead while increasing fault tolerance, Walrus can deliver comparable or superior availability with fewer nodes and lower costs.

According to the Walrus whitepaper (Section 2.3), erasure coding was selected specifically to enable economically sustainable decentralized storage at scale. Current network metrics suggest this design goal is being met.

This outcome is not driven by marketing claims, but by applied
#Walrus $WAL @WalrusProtocol

Stablecoins play a critical role in connecting traditional finance with blockchain technology, but their widespread adoption requires infrastructure designed specifically for payment use cases. Plasma addresses this need by delivering a blockchain optimized for stablecoin transfers—prioritizing efficiency, simplicity, and real-world usability over generalized performance metrics.

Designed for Stablecoin-Centric Use Cases

Unlike general-purpose blockchains that aim to serve a wide range of applications, Plasma is purpose-built for stablecoins such as USD₮. This focused design enables predictable, reliable, and low-cost transactions tailored to everyday payment flows, including remittances, payroll, and merchant settlements.

A key differentiator is Plasma’s zero-fee USD₮ transfers, eliminating transaction costs for both individuals and businesses. This feature is particularly impactful for high-frequency and low-value payments, where fees often become a barrier to adoption.

Flexible Fee Models Through Custom Gas

Plasma introduces customizable gas mechanics that allow applications to define how transaction fees are handled. Developers can abstract gas entirely, enabling users to transact without holding or interacting with native tokens.

This flexibility simplifies onboarding and allows payment applications to more closely resemble familiar financial tools, while still benefiting from blockchain security and transparency.

Privacy-Conscious Payment Infrastructure

Recognizing the importance of confidentiality in financial transactions, Plasma incorporates confidential transaction capabilities. These features protect sensitive payment details while maintaining network integrity and supporting compliance requirements—striking a practical balance between privacy and regulatory considerations.

Built for Developers and End Users

By combining zero-fee transfers, gas abstraction, and privacy features, Plasma delivers a payments-ready blockchain environment. Developers gain a network tailored to stablecoin applications, while users experience seamless, intuitive financial interactions without the complexities often associated with crypto platforms.

Outlook and Adoption

Plasma’s long-term success will depend on real-world usage, including transaction volumes, developer participation, and the diversity of applications built on the network. With its emphasis on stablecoin practicality rather than broad versatility, Plasma positions itself as a specialized solution for on-chain payments and financial infrastructure.
#Plasma $XPL

@Plasma

Przez dużą część ewolucji Web3, innowacje postępowały szybko—czasami kosztem podstawowej infrastruktury. Zdecentralizowane finanse, aktywa cyfrowe, gry, sztuczna inteligencja i ekosystemy międzyłańcuchowe rozwinęły się szybko, jednak jeden krytyczny element często był traktowany jako myśl poboczna: przechowywanie danych. Walrus (WAL) reprezentuje zmianę w tej trajektorii, sygnalizując rosnące uznanie, że zdecentralizowane systemy nie mogą działać niezawodnie bez solidnej, celowo zbudowanej infrastruktury do przechowywania.

Na rynkach cyfrowych dystrybucja często traktowana jest jako abstrakcja, a władza jako coś oczywistego. W praktyce obie funkcje działają jak same rynki. Wczesna uwaga ustala ceny, a początkowe momenty ekspozycji decydują, czy dzieło zyskuje trwały impet, czy staje się jednorazowym towarem. Na platformach takich jak Binance Square, otwierające linie nie są wyborem stylistycznym; są mierzalnymi sygnałami. Gdy wczesni czytelnicy zatrzymują się zamiast przewijać, treść przechodzi z pasywnego materiału w wykonalny sygnał. Platformy odpowiadają nie na intencje czy narrację, ale na obserwowalne zachowanie — a to zachowanie jest najbardziej skoncentrowane na początku.

Dusk Network to blockchain warstwy 1 zaprojektowany w celu zaspokojenia fundamentalnej luki w technologii zdecentralizowanej: umożliwienie regulowanym systemom finansowym działanie na infrastrukturze blockchain bez kompromisów w zakresie prywatności, zaufania czy zgodności prawnej. Założony w 2018 roku, Dusk został zaprojektowany z wyraźnym celem — dostosowania zdecentralizowanych sieci do operacyjnych rzeczywistości tradycyjnych finansów.

Większość systemów blockchain priorytetowo traktuje radykalną przejrzystość, sprawiając, że każda transakcja, saldo i interakcja są publicznie widoczne. Choć takie podejście może odpowiadać otwartym sieciom, bezpośrednio koliduje z wymaganiami rzeczywistych instytucji finansowych. Banki, zarządzający aktywami, fundusze i przedsiębiorstwa zależą od poufności, pewności regulacyjnej i przewidywalnego egzekwowania. Dusk został stworzony, aby zlikwidować tę przepaść, zapewniając środowisko blockchain, w którym prywatność i zgodność nie są kompromisami, ale zasadniczymi zasadami.

W miarę jak technologia blockchain nadal dojrzewa, wyzwania związane z skalowalnością, efektywnością i użytecznością w świecie rzeczywistym stają się coraz bardziej widoczne. Te ograniczenia napędzały rozwój Projektu Plasma, inicjatywy zaprojektowanej w celu umożliwienia sieciom blockchain skutecznego skalowania przy jednoczesnym zachowaniu podstawowych zasad bezpieczeństwa i decentralizacji.

W centrum tego ekosystemu znajduje się Plasma Coin, aktywo cyfrowe stworzone w celu wsparcia operacji sieciowych i zachęcania do uczestnictwa w ramach Plasma. Zamiast zastępować istniejące blockchainy, Projekt Plasma koncentruje się na ich ulepszaniu dzięki zaawansowanym technikom skalowania i warstwowej architekturze.

Dusk is a Layer-1 blockchain designed for real-world financial workflows, integrating regulatory compliance with blockchain efficiency. Its modular architecture separates settlement and data from execution:

DuskDS: Handles settlement and data management with fast, deterministic finality via Succinct Attestation.

DuskEVM: Provides an Ethereum-compatible execution environment for developers who prefer familiar tooling.

Privacy and Confidentiality
Dusk’s approach to privacy is “confidential-by-design,” not “hide everything forever.” It includes auditability mechanisms suitable for regulated financial use cases. The Hedger engine enhances this by combining homomorphic encryption and zero-knowledge proofs, enabling confidential transactions on the EVM layer while remaining compliant.

Adoption and Integration
Dusk’s adoption strategy is clear and infrastructure-focused. Dusk and NPEX are integrating Chainlink CCIP, DataLink, and Data Streams to bring regulated European securities and official exchange data on-chain. This foundational work supports future volume and real-world adoption.

Recent Operations Update
On January 17, 2026, Dusk reported unusual activity on a team-managed bridge operations wallet. Bridge services were temporarily paused, mitigations were implemented, and no user funds or protocol-level issues on DuskDS were affected. Reopening of services will follow post-hardening.

Token Overview

DUSK is the network’s incentive and fee token.

ERC-20 and BEP-20 DUSK tokens can be migrated to native DUSK via a burner contract.

Max supply: 500,000,000 DUSK

Holders: ~19,574

Recent activity: 562 transfers in the last 24 hours

Current price: ~$0.14 (ERC-20)

Takeaway
Dusk offers a strong combination of compliance-ready infrastructure, privacy-focused design, and modular development tools. Successful bridge hardening will be a key catalyst for network growth and adoption.
#dusk $DUSK @Dusk_Foundation

Niedawna aktualizacja „Atlas” z sieci Plasma przekształca sposób, w jaki rynek ocenia $XPL z technicznego i ekonomicznego punktu widzenia. W przeciwieństwie do konwencjonalnych rozwiązań warstwy 2, Plasma wprowadza innowacyjną modułową architekturę, oddzielając warstwę wykonawczą, warstwę rozliczeniową i warstwę dostępności danych (DA), co pozwala deweloperom na składanie modułów zgodnie z określonymi wymaganiami aplikacji. Ten projekt przekształca $XPL z prostego tokena gazu w kluczowy zasób zarządzania, koordynując alokację zasobów we wszystkich trzech warstwach.