A virtual machine (VM) is a program that emulates a complete computer system, with a virtual CPU, memory, and storage.
From the outside, it appears no different than a physical machine with the same hardware.
A virtual machine has an operating system (OS), files, and applications. It works just like a physical computer: it can host websites, run programs, and connect to a network with other systems. If you look at it on a screen, the virtual machine appears as a window running within that computer's own OS.
It also has a CPU, memory, and storage, but these are simulated and not physical. Because of this, multiple virtual machines can coexist on one server. When this happens, the server uses a piece of software called a hypervisor to manage them. The hypervisor maps the VM's virtual hardware to the server’s physical components.
In this scenario, one physical server could run two, three, four, or even ten virtual machines. However, the number is limited by the resources of the server, since too many VMs will lead to reduced performance.
Virtual machines are sandboxes: pieces of virtual space to run code separately from the rest of the system. This makes VMs ideal for testing new software or running possibly malicious code.
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