COTI_Official

For over 40 years, one problem has defined the entire field of secure multi-party computation.
In 1982, computer scientist Andrew Yao posed a deceptively simple question: how can two parties figure out who is wealthier, without either one revealing how much they actually have? The answer must be provably correct. But neither side learns anything beyond the result.
This became known as Yao’s Millionaires’ Problem, and it laid the theoretical foundation for the entire field of secure multi-party computation (MPC). For decades, it stood as the benchmark: if your system can solve this problem with full privacy guarantees, it can handle real-world confidential computation.
In February 2025, COTI demonstrated a live solution to the Millionaires’ Problem on the COTI Network using Garbled Circuits. Encrypted inputs, private computation, verified results. Neither party revealed a single data point.
Now, COTI has taken that same capability and deployed it on Ethereum Sepolia testnet. The Millionaires’ Problem, solved with 100% end-to-end cryptography, directly on Ethereum’s infrastructure. No trusted intermediary. No data exposure. Just math.
How the Demo Works
The demonstration follows the classic MPC setup:
Two parties each hold a private value representing their wealth.
Neither party reveals their actual input to the other or to the network.
The computation runs on encrypted data, producing a verifiable result: who is wealthier.
The answer is provably correct, without any plaintext values ever being exposed on-chain.
The entire process is powered by COTI’s Garbled Circuits implementation, a cryptographic protocol purpose-built for secure multi-party computation on-chain. Inputs are encrypted, computed collaboratively, and resolved, all without a centralized party or trusted setup.
Think of it this way: two people walk into a room, whisper their numbers into separate locked boxes, and walk out knowing who had the bigger number. Neither one ever opened the other’s box. That’s what Garbled Circuits make possible, except the room is Ethereum, and the boxes are pure cryptography.
Why This Matters
The Millionaires’ Problem isn’t just an academic exercise. It is the original MPC challenge. The foundational test case that proves whether a system can perform meaningful computation on private data without exposing it.
COTI first proved this on its own network. Now, solving it on Ethereum’s testnet using pure cryptography and no trusted intermediaries demonstrates that Garbled Circuits can deliver practical, verifiable privacy directly on the world’s largest smart contract platform.
The timing matters too. Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has been increasingly vocal about the need for privacy-preserving computation in decentralized systems. In a detailed thread on decentralized governance and AI, Buterin specifically called out Garbled Circuits as the path to pure-cryptographic security guarantees for multi-party computation.
“I would love to see at least the two-party case solved with garbled circuits so we can get pure-cryptographic security guarantees.” — Vitalik Buterin
This wasn’t the first signal either. At ETH Tokyo in 2025, Buterin stated publicly that Garbled Circuits are faster than more complicated forms of MPC and that many use cases exist where the technology is valuable.
COTI’s Garbled Circuits has solved this and the only project to answer Vitalik’s public challenge.
From COTI Network to Ethereum
COTI’s implementation of Garbled Circuits, built in partnership with Soda Labs, has been live on COTI’s mainnet since March 2025. The gcEVM is the first production-ready Garbled Circuits implementation for on-chain confidentiality, offering full EVM compatibility. Developers can write confidential smart contracts in Solidity using familiar tools like Hardhat, simply adding privacy parameters to unlock multi-party computation capabilities.
This Sepolia testnet deployment is a preview of Privacy-on-Demand, COTI’s initiative to bring Garbled Circuits natively to Ethereum and other major chains. The goal: highly-scalable programmable privacy, available to any app, dApp, or builder, all powered by $COTI.
What Privacy-on-Demand Means for Ethereum
Privacy-on-Demand extends COTI’s privacy infrastructure beyond its own Layer 2, making it accessible as a service layer across leading blockchains. For Ethereum, this unlocks real private use cases that aren’t possible on a fully transparent chain:
Builders can integrate confidential computation directly into Ethereum-native dApps without migrating to a separate chain.
DeFi protocols can protect sensitive execution parameters, such as thresholds, order sizes, or strategy logic, from front-running and observation-based extraction.
Enterprise and institutional applications can handle private data on-chain while maintaining compliance and auditability.
Governance systems can enable private voting and decision-making without exposing individual inputs, the exact use case Buterin described.
What Comes Next
This testnet deployment is not the finish line. It’s a milestone on COTI’s path to making Garbled Circuits available natively on Ethereum and other major blockchains, extending the same privacy capabilities that are already live and in production on COTI’s own network.
The Millionaires’ Problem has stood as the benchmark for MPC systems for over 40 years. Solving it first on COTI, and now on Ethereum’s testnet with full end-to-end encryption and no trusted intermediaries, is a clear signal: practical, scalable privacy on public blockchains isn’t theoretical anymore.
Privacy-on-Demand is coming to Ethereum.
About COTI
COTI is the programmable privacy layer for Web3. Built for enterprises, builders, and agents. Powered by high-performance Garbled Circuits and enterprise-grade COTI Nightfall (ZK), COTI enables encrypted computation on any public blockchain. Fast, low-cost, and compliant privacy across DeFi, AI, and beyond.
For COTI updates and to join the conversation, be sure to check out our channels:
Website: https://coti.io/
COTI Earn: https://earn.coti.io/earn
X: https://twitter.com/COTInetwork
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCl-2YzhaPnouvBtotKuM4DA
Telegram: https://t.me/COTInetwork
Discord: https://discord.gg/coti-foundation
GitHub: https://github.com/coti-io
Vibe Coders Telegram: https://t.me/+uuPNfRkKiQ03ZTcx

COTI is Expanding. Time to Sunset V1.
COTI’s privacy ecosystem is scaling fast. As we move toward growing our all-in-one privacy protocol and ecosystem, the time has come to officially phase out our legacy infrastructure.
This is the scheduled next and final phase of COTI’s network transition as we prepare to sunset all legacy COTI V1 and gCOTI V1 infrastructure. This marks the full-migration from the original Trustchain-based Layer 1 to the new COTI EVM Layer 2 network, designed to support advanced privacy features, improved scalability, and expanded ecosystem functionality.
This guide outlines the purpose of the sunset, and exactly how this affects you based on where you hold your tokens and what actions you must take.
COTI Privacy Ecosystem is Expanding
COTI is actively scaling our all-in-one privacy ecosystem. Including the recent announcement of the launch of Private ERC20 tokens on the COTI V2 network, and the upcoming launch of the Privacy Portal, giving anyone the ability to convert public tokens to private tokens in a single click.
In addition, COTI Garbled Circuits is expanding beyond COTI Network to Ethereum-natively, as well as other leading L1s and L2s.
At the center of it all is the COTI token, which powers core utility across the entire privacy ecosystem, including private transactions, gas fees, staking, governance, and access to every privacy-enabled feature on the network.
Why Now & When
To simplify and consolidate the ecosystem for this expansion, it’s officially time to sunset COTI V1. The legacy Trustchain-based infrastructure served its purpose, and the majority of users and tokens have already successfully migrated.
Now, the COTI V2 network is live, scalable, and purpose-built for the next generation of privacy-first applications. This migration closes the chapter on V1 and moves the entire community forward on a single, unified network.
⚠️ WHEN: COTI V1 and gCOTI V1 are estimated to sunset by the end of Q3 2026.
An official sunset date will be announced 30-days before the sunset. This window is your opportunity to ensure your assets are migrated safely to the V2 network.
Status Check: Do I Need to Act?
Not everyone needs to do something. Here’s a quick check based on where you hold your tokens:
I hold COTI on a Centralized Exchange (e.g., Binance, Coinbase, etc) ✅ No Action Required. You will be unaffected by this change.
I hold COTI ERC-20 tokens in a non-custodial wallet (e.g., MetaMask, Ledger app) ✅ No Action Required. The ERC-20 contract remains unaffected.
I hold Native COTI V1 in the Treasury ✅Your V1 Native COTI tokens deposited in the Treasury have been automatically upgraded to V2 COTI. It’s accessible via the Treasury App at treasury.coti.io. All you need to do is provide a MetaMask wallet address to receive your V2 tokens.
🎥 Watch the video walkthrough here.
I hold Native COTI or gCOTI in a VIPER Wallet or Ledger Wallet ⚠️ Action Required: Follow the migration instructions below to upgrade your tokens to V2.
VIPER Wallet Migration Guide: Step-by-Step
The token upgrade for VIPER holders is done via the COTI Pay / VIPER swap function inside the wallet. You’ll need a MetaMask wallet address to receive your upgraded COTI V2 and/or gCOTI V2 tokens. 📌 Ledger users: If your tokens are on a Ledger wallet, you’ll need to connect your Ledger to VIPER first. See the Ledger section below before starting. 🎥
Watch the full video walkthrough here, or follow the step-by-step instructions below.
Step-by-Step: VIPER Swap
Log in to pay.coti.io
Navigate to Send / Receive / Swap
Click the “Swap to COTI V2” button in the bottom right corner
A prompt will ask you to add COTI Mainnet to your MetaMask wallet. Click “Approve” and then “Confirm” to add it.
If you hold gCOTI, you’ll also need to add the gCOTI token address to MetaMask (instructions below).
⚠️ You will need to provide a MetaMask wallet address to upgrade your tokens. This address will be your receiving address for your upgraded COTI V2 and/or gCOTI V2 tokens.
How to Add gCOTI to MetaMask (ERC20/Mainnet)
To receive your upgraded gCOTI V2 tokens, you’ll need to manually add the gCOTI token address to MetaMask:
Open MetaMask
Under the Tokens tab, click “Import tokens” (usually at the bottom)
Select the “Custom token” tab
Enter the official gCOTI contract address:
0xAf2CA40d3fc4459436D11B94d21FA4b8A89fB51d
5. MetaMask will auto-populate the token symbol (gCOTI) and decimals. Click “Add Custom Token” and then “Import Tokens.”
Once your MetaMask is set up, navigate back to pay.coti.io and you are ready to transfer your COTI and gCOTI across to your MetaMask wallet. VIPER has its own built-in swap path triggered from inside the wallet so sending tokens across will automatically upgrade them to V2. 📌 Tip: If you hold gCOTI, send it first. The transfer requires a small amount of COTI for gas. After transferring your gCOTI, then transfer your remaining COTI.
Ledger Wallet Migration Guide: Step-by-Step
If your Native COTI or gCOTI V1 tokens are stored on a Ledger device, you’ll first need to connect your Ledger to the VIPER wallet, then follow the same swap process above.
Step-by-Step: Ledger Connection
Go to pay.coti.io and log into your COTI account.
On your Ledger device, navigate to the COTI app and press both buttons simultaneously to open it. Your Ledger should display: “Coti Application is ready.”
Click the green Connect button on screen. Select your Ledger device and press the blue Connect button to initiate the connection.
Once connected, follow the same VIPER Wallet migration steps above to complete your upgrade.
Frequently Asked Questions
When exactly will V1 stop working? We are targeting Q3 2026, but an official date will be announced no later than 30-days before complete sunset of V1. We strongly encourage all users to complete their migration within the next 6 months to avoid any service interruptions.
Does Ledger still support COTI V1? Yes, but only for the purpose of migrating. You can access your V1 tokens on Ledger to bridge them to V2. After the sunset, V1 support on hardware devices will be deprecated.
Do I need to unstake my Treasury assets manually? No. The swap logic for Treasury assets is handled automatically. However, you must provide the MetaMask address (as detailed above) to ensure the new system knows where to send your V2 tokens.
Does this apply to gCOTI? Yes. All instructions above apply equally to gCOTI V1 tokens. The same migration path, the same timeline, the same steps.
Migrate Now. Join the Future of Privacy.
The COTI V2 network is live. The privacy ecosystem is expanding. And every COTI holder has a role to play in what comes next.
If you need to migrate, now is the time. If you’re already on V2, explore the ecosystem and start using private tokens today.
Stay COTI.
About COTI
COTI is the programmable privacy layer for Web3. Built for enterprises, builders, and agents. Powered by high-performance Garbled Circuits and enterprise-grade COTI Nightfall (ZK), COTI enables encrypted computation on any public blockchain. Fast, low-cost, and compliant privacy across DeFi, AI, and beyond.
For COTI updates and to join the conversation, be sure to check out our channels:
Website: https://coti.io/
X: https://twitter.com/COTInetwork
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCl-2YzhaPnouvBtotKuM4DA
Telegram: https://t.me/COTInetwork
Discord: https://discord.gg/9tq6CP6XrT
GitHub: https://github.com/coti-io
Vibe Coders Telegram: https://t.me/+uuPNfRkKiQ03ZTcx